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Band 43

Structural Analysis of Point Defects in Solids An Introduction to Multiple Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Aus der Reihe Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences

49,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

11.01.2012

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

367

Maße (L/B/H)

23,5/15,5/2,1 cm

Gewicht

581 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-84407-2

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

11.01.2012

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

367

Maße (L/B/H)

23,5/15,5/2,1 cm

Gewicht

581 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-84407-2

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Structural Analysis of Point Defects in Solids
  • Produktbild: Structural Analysis of Point Defects in Solids
  • 1. Introduction.- 1.1 Structure of Point Defects.- 1.2 Basic Concepts of Defect Structure Determination by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 1.3 Superhyperfine and Electronic Structures of Defects in Solids.- 2. Fundamentals of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 2.1 Magnetic Properties of Electrons and Nuclei.- 2.2 Electrons and Nuclei in an External Magnetic Field.- 2.3 Some Useful Relations for Angular Momentum Operators.- 2.4 Time Dependence of Angular Momentum Operators and Macroscopic Magnetization.- 2.5 Basic Magnetic Resonance Experiment.- 2.6 Spin-Lattice Relaxation.- 2.7 Rate Equations for a Two-Level System.- 2.8 Bloch Equations.- 2.9 Conventional Detection of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Its Sensitivity.- 3. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra.- 3.1 Spin Hamiltonian.- 3.2 Electron Zeeman Interaction.- 3.3 g-Factor Splitting of EPR Spectra.- 3.4 Fine-Structure Splitting of EPR Spectra.- 3.5 Hyperfine Splitting of EPR Spectra.- 3.6 Superhyperfine Splitting of EPR Spectra.- 3.7 Inhomogeneous Line Widths of EPR lines.- 4. Optical Detection of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.- 4.1 Optical Transitions of Defects in Solids.- 4.2 Spectral Form of Optical Transitions of Defects in Solids.- 4.3 EPR Detected with Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Absorption Method.- 4.4 MCDA Excitation Spectra of ODEPR Lines (MCDA “Tagged” by EPR).- 4.5 Spatially Resolved MCDA and ODEPR Spectra.- 4.6 Measurement of Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time T1 with MCDA Method 105.- 4.7 Determination of Spin State with MCDA Method.- 4.8 EPR of Ground and Excited States Detected with Optical Pumping.- 4.9 EPR Optically Detected in Donor-Acceptor Pair Recombination Luminescence.- 4.10 Optically Detected EPR of Triplet States.- 4.11 ODEPR of Trapped Excitons with MCDA Method.- 4.12 Sensitivity of ODEPR Measurements.- 5. Electron Nuclear Double Resonance.- 5.1 The Resolution Problem, a Simple Model.- 5.2 Type of Information from EPR and NMR Spectra.- 5.3 Indirect Detection of NMR, Double Resonance.- 5.4 Examples of ENDOR Spectra.- 5.5 Relations Between EPR and ENDOR Spectra, ENDOR-Induced EPR.- 5.6 Electron Nuclear Nuclear Triple Resonance (Double ENDOR).- 5.7 Temperature Dependence and Photo-Excitation of ENDOR Spectra.- 5.7.1 Temperature Dependence of ENDOR Spectra.- 5.7.2 Photo-Excitation of ENDOR Spectra.- 6. Determination of Defect Symmetries from ENDOR Angular Dependences.- 6.1 Definition of Neighbor Shells.- 6.2 Neighbor Shells and Transformation of Interaction Tensors.- 6.3 Interaction Tensor Symmetries and ENDOR Angular Dependence.- 6.4 Neighbor Shell Symmetries and ENDOR Angular Dependences.- 6.4.1 Simple Example.- 6.4.2 General Case.- 6.4.3 Defect Structure and Symmetry Matrices.- 6.5 Low Symmetry Defects in Higher Symmetry Environments.- 6.6 Ways to Distinguish Between High and Low Symmetry Defects.- 6.7 Role of EPR Spectrum for an ENDOR Analysis.- 6.8 Solution of the Spin Hamiltonian.- 6.8.1 Concept of Effective Spin.- 6.8.2 Nuclear Spin Hamiltonian.- 6.8.3 Calculation of Effective Spin.- 6.8.4 Mutual Interactions Between Neighbor Nuclei.- 6.8.5 Large hf or shf Interaction for One Nucleus.- 6.8.6 Numerical Calculation of EPR Angular Dependences..- 6.8.7 Fitting of Free Parameters in a Simulated ENDOR Angular Dependence.- 6.8.8 Examples of Results Obtained from Analysis of ENDOR Angular Dependences.- 6.9 Software Treatment of ENDOR Spectra.- 7. Theoretical Interpretation of Superhyperfine and Quadrupole Interactions.- 7.1 Structures of Point Defects.- 7.1.1 Impurities in Insulators.- 7.1.2 Color Centers.- 7.1.3 Defects in Semiconductors.- 7.2 Origin of Zeeman, Hyperfine and Quadrupole Interactions.- 7.2.1 Origin of the Hamiltonian.- 7.2.2 Wigner-Eckart Theorem.- 7.2.3 Zeeman Interaction.- 7.2.4 Hyperfine Interaction.- 7.2.5 Quadrupole Interaction.- 7.2.6 Total Hamiltonian.- 7.3 Central Ion Hyperfine Structure.- 7.3.1 Free Ion Electronic Structure.- 7.3.2 Crystal Field Splitting.- 7.3.3 Spin Hamiltonian.- 7.4 Covalency and Superhyperfine Interaction.- 7.4.1 Molecular Orbitals and Configuration Mixing.- 7.4.2 Superhyperfine Interaction.- 7.4.3 Ligand Core Polarization.- 7.4.4 Ligand Quadrupole Interaction.- 7.4.5 Pseudopotential.- 7.4.6 Lattice Dynamical Effects.- 7.5 Orthogonalized Envelope Functions.- 7.5.1 Wannier’s Theorem and Effective-Mass Theory.- 7.5.2 Continuum Models.- 7.5.3 Point-Ion Model and Ion-Size Corrections.- 7.5.4 Green’s Function Method for Deep-Level Impurities.- 7.5.5 Orthogonalization to Core Orbitals.- 7.6 Simple Approximations and Illustrations for Interpretation of shf and Quadrupole Interactions.- 7.6.1 Point Dipole-Dipole Interaction.- 7.6.2 Calculation of Isotropic shf Constants with Orthogonalized Envelope Function.- 7.6.3 Transferred shf Interactions.- 7.6.4 Calculation of Anisotropic shf Constant b with Orthogonalized Envelope Function.- 7.6.5 Dynamical Contributions to shf Interactions.- 7.6.6 Quadrupole Interactions.- 8. Technology of ENDOR Spectrometers.- 8.1 Experimental Constraints for Conventional ENDOR.- 8.1.1 Modulation Frequency.- 8.1.2 Sensitivity.- 8.1.3 Temperature.- 8.1.4 Microwave and Radio-Frequency Field Intensities.- 8.1.5 Microwave and ENDOR Frequency.- 8.1.6 Static Magnetic Field.- 8.1.7 Modulation of Parameters.- 8.2 ENDOR Spectrometer Design.- 8.3 Components of ENDOR Spectrometer.- 8.3.1 Signal Pre-Amplifier.- 8.3.2 Microwave Detector.- 8.3.3 Microwave Sources.- 8.3.4 ENDOR Microwave Cavities.- 8.3.5 Radio-Frequency Generators.- 9. Experimental Aspects of Optically Detected EPR and ENDOR.- 9.1 Sensitivity Considerations.- 9.1.1 Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Absorption.- 9.1.2 Optically Detected EPR.- 9.2 ODMR Spectrometers Monitoring Light Emission.- 9.3 ODMR Spectrometers Monitoring Magnetic Circular Properties of Absorption and Emission.- 9.3.1 General Description of the Spectrometer.- 9.3.2 Measurement of Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Absorption.- 9.3.3 Measurement of Magnetic Circular Polarization of Emission.- 9.4 Experimental Details of the Components of an MCDA/MCPE ODMR Spectrometer.- 9.4.1 Light Sources.- 9.4.2 Monochromators.- 9.4.3 Imaging Systems.- 9.4.4 Linear Polarizers.- 9.4.5 Photo-Elastic Modulator.- 9.4.6 Detectors.- 9.4.7 Cryostat.- 9.4.8 Magnet.- 9.4.9 Microwave System and Cavity.- 9.4.10 Radio-Frequency System for ODENDOR.- 9.4.11 Control and Registration Electronics.- Appendices.- B. The Cayley Transformation Formula.- C. Algorithm for the Subtraction of an Unknown Background.- D. Digital Filters for Application in ENDOR Spectra.- E. Deconvolution of ENDOR Spectra.- F. Peak Search Algorithm.- G. Simulation of EPR Spectra.- References.