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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Aus der Reihe Molecular Methods of Plant Analysis
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95,99 € UVP 106,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.12.2011

Herausgeber

Hans-Ferdinand Linskens + weitere

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

196

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,2 cm

Gewicht

375 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st edition 1986

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-82611-5

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

08.12.2011

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

196

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,2 cm

Gewicht

375 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st edition 1986

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-82611-5

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag KG
Sachsenplatz 4-6
1201 Wien
AT

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
  • Produktbild: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
  • 13C-NMR in Metabolic Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Design and Interpretation of Labelling Experiments.- 3 Radioisotope Labelling.- 4 13C NMR Spectroscopy.- 4.1 Assignment of 13C NMR Spectra.- 4.1.1 Known Chemical Shifts and Substituent Chemical Shift Effects.- 4.1.2 Off-Resonance and Specific Proton Decoupling.- 4.1.3 Analysis of Long-Range 1H-13C Couplings.- 4.1.4 Polarisation Transfer and 2D NMR Methods.- 4.1.5 Lanthanide-Induced Shift Studies.- 4.1.6 Model and Derivative Studies.- 4.1.7 Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Compounds.- 4.1.8 Incorporation Studies.- 5 Biosynthetic Methodology.- 5.1 Precursor Incorporation.- 6 13C Enrichment Studies.- 6.1 Single 13C-Labelling.- 6.1.1 Quantitative 13C Measurements.- 6.1.2 Single 13C-Labelling Studies in Plants.- 6.2 13C-13C Spin-Spin Coupling.- 6.2.1 Singly 13C-Labelled Precursors.- 6.2.2 Double 13C-Labelled Precursors.- 6.2.3 Non-Contiguous Double 13C-Labelling.- 6.2.3.1 Two-Bond 13C-13C Couplings from Contiguous 13C2-Labelled Precursors.- 6.2.3.2 One-Bond 13C-13C Couplings from Non-Contiguous 13C2-Labelled Precursors.- 6.2.3.3 Two-Bond Couplings from Non-Contiguous 13C2-Labelled Precursors.- 7 13C, 15N Doubly Labelled Precursors.- 8 Isotope-Induced Shifts in 13C NMR.- 8.1 The Deuterium Alpha-Shift Technique.- 8.2 The Deuterium Beta-Shift Technique.- 8.3 18O Isotope Induced Shifts in 13C NMR.- 9 Conclusion.- References.- Determination of the Energy Status of Plant Cells by 31P-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Principles.- 3 Experimental Considerations.- 4 Quantitation of Metabolite Concentrations of vivo by NMR.- 5 Measurement of Nucleoside Di- and Triphosphate Levels by 31P-NMR.- 6 Estimation of the Extent of Magnesium Ion Binding to Nucleoside Triphosphates in vivo by 31P-NMR.- 7 Measurement of the Gibbs’ Free Energy for Hydrolysis of ATP.- 8 Relationship of in vivo 31P-NMR Measurements to What Is Seen by Other Methods.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- The Use of NMR Spectroscopy to Follow Deuterium in Studies of Fungal Metabolism.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy.- 2.1 Background and Techniques.- 2.1.1 The Nuclear Magnetic Properties of Deuterium.- 2.1.2 The Deuterium NMR Spectrum.- 2.1.3 Recording a Deuterium NMR Spectrum.- 2.2 Applications of Deuterium NMR Spectroscopy to Fungal Metabolism.- 2.2.1 Administering the Precursor.- 2.2.2 Establishing the Retention or Loss of a Hydrogen.- 2.2.3 Establishing Precursor-Product Relationships.- 2.2.4 Mechanistic Studies.- 2.2.4.1 Displacement Reactions.- 2.2.4.2 Incorporation of Deuterium Atoms from the Medium.- 2.2.4.3 Following Hydride Shifts.- 2.2.5 The Use of [2-2H3]-Acetate as a Polyketide Precursor..- 2.3 Kinetic Isotope Effects.- 2.4 The Use of Shift Reagents.- 3 Detection of Deuterium Indirectly in the 13C-NMR Spectrum.- 3.1 Background and Techniques.- 3.1.1 Detecting Deuterium Directly Attached to a Carbon Reporter Nucleus (the ?-Shift Technique).- 3.1.2 Detecting Deuterium on a Carbon Adjacent to the Reporter Nucleus (the ?-Shift Technique).- 3.2 Applications to the Study of Biosynthesis in Fungi.- 3.2.1 Quantitative Measurements of Deuterium Retention.- 3.2.2 Determining the Multiplicity of Labelling.- 3.2.3 Labelling a Bond.- 4 Conclusions.- References.- Proton NMR Studies on DNA Structure.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theoretical Background.- 2.1 Chemical Shifts.- 2.2 Coupling Constants.- 2.3 NOE.- 2.4 Assignments.- 3 Examples.- 4 Summary.- References.- NMR Methods for Determination of Intracellular pH.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Some Principles.- 3 Determinants of Chemical Shift.- 4 Measurement of Chemical Shifts.- 5 Estimating Intracellular pH from Chemical Shifts: Titration Curves.- 6 Other Factors Contributing to Potential Errors in Intracellular pH Measurements Using NMR.- 7 Observation of pH Heterogeneity in Cell Populations and Tissues by NMR.- 8 NMR Signals That Have Been Used as Intracellular pH Indicators.- 9 Assignment of Resonances.- 10 Can the pH in Compartments Other Than Cytoplasm and Vacuole be Measured in Vivo by NMR Methods?.- 11 Conclusions.- References.- Orientation of Chloroplasts in Leaves by 1H NMR Spectroscopy.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 What is NMR?.- 1.2 NMR Spectra of Plant Leaves.- 2 Experimental Technique.- 2.1 Choosing an NMR Spectrometer.- 2.2 Sample Holders.- 2.3 Sample Preparation.- 2.4 Operating the Spectrometer.- 3 Data Analysis.- 3.1 The Need for a Theory.- 3.2 Review of Leaf Anatomy and Physiology.- 3.3 The Theory.- 3.4 The Model.- 3.5 Calculations.- 4 Examples of Interpreted Spectra.- 4.1 Orientation Dependence.- 4.2 Species Dependence.- 4.3 Effects of Drying.- 4.4 Effects of Freezing.- 5 Future Directions.- References.- 13C-NMR Determination of Rubber Content in Guayule Bushes.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Background.- 1.2 Analytical Methods.- 2 Experimental.- 2.1 13C-NMR Spectra.- 2.2 Sample Preparation.- 2.2.1 Guayule Material.- 2.2.2 Sample Geometry.- 2.3 Calibration Curve.- 3 Results and Discussion.- 3.1 13C-NMR Spectra.- 3.2 Sample Preparation.- 3.2.1 Guayule Sample.- 3.2.2 Sample Geometry.- 3.2.2.1 Calibration Plot.- 3.3 Quantitative Results.- 3.3.1 Milled Bush.- 3.3.1.1 Precision of the Method.- 3.3.2 Guayule Branches.- 3.3.3 Branches of Different Sizes; Bark.- 3.3.4 Branches, Trunk, Roots.- 3.3.4.1 Extraction Options.- 4 Conclusions.- Appendix A 13C-NMR Method.- References.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Pollen Quality.- 1 What is the Pollen Grain?.- 1.1 Organization and Role.- 1.2 Water Content, Membrane Organization and Pollen Viability.- 2 1H-NMR — Water Content.- 2.1 Method.- 2.2 General.- 2.3 Water Content Evolution.- 2.4 Water State Evolution.- 2.4.1 Relaxation Time.- 2.4.2 Hydric Compartmentation.- 2.5 Dehydration Control and Cryptobiotic Organisms.- 3 31P, 13C-NMR and Membrane State.- 3.1 Structural Polymorphism.- 3.2 Functional Aspects of Membrane Polymorphism.- 3.2.1 Hexagonal Configuration: HII.- 3.2.2 Vesicular, Micellar or Inverted Micellar Configuration..- 3.2.3 Application to Water Stress.- 3.3 13C-NMR and Membrane State.- 4 Conclusions.- References.