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Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Aus der Reihe Molecular Methods of Plant Analysis
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95,99 € UVP 106,99 €

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Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.12.2011

Herausgeber

Hans-Ferdinand Linskens + weitere

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

304

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,8 cm

Gewicht

562 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-82614-6

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.12.2011

Herausgeber

Verlag

Springer Berlin

Seitenzahl

304

Maße (L/B/H)

24,4/17/1,8 cm

Gewicht

562 g

Auflage

Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1986

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-3-642-82614-6

Herstelleradresse

Springer-Verlag GmbH
Tiergartenstr. 17
69121 Heidelberg
DE

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
  • Produktbild: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
  • The Use of Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Plant Growth Substances.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Identification by GC-MS.- 2.1 Derivatisation.- 2.1.1 Methylation.- 2.1.2 Trimethylsilylation.- 2.1.3 Permethylation.- 2.2 Gas Chromatography.- 2.3 Qualitative Mass Spectrometry.- 2.4 Quantitative Mass Spectrometry.- 3 Gibberellins.- 3.1 Extraction and Purification.- 3.2 GC-MS.- 4 Abscisic Acid and Related Compounds.- 4.1 Qualitative GC-MS.- 4.2 Quantitative GC-MS.- 5 Brassinosteroids.- References.- Applications of Mass Spectrometry for the Examination of Pectic Polysaccharides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structural Analysis of Pectic Polysaccharides.- 3 Determination of the Nature of the Glycosidic Linkages.- 4 Separation and Identification of Partially Methylated Alditol Acetates.- 5 Extensions of Methylation Analysis.- 5.1 Controlled Partial Acid Hydrolysis Studies.- 5.2 ?-Eliminative Degradation Studies.- 5.2.1 Neutral Glycosyl Residues Linked to Galacturonosyl Residues.- 5.2.2 Glycosyl Residues Linked to 0–4 of 2,4-Linked Rhamnopyranosyl Residues.- 6 Sequencing of Sugar Residues in Pectins.- 6.1 Partial Acid Hydrolysis.- 6.1.1 Characterisation of Oligosaccharides as Permethylated Derivatives.- 6.2 Partial Acetolysis.- 6.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis.- 7 Sequencing of Pectic Polysaccharides by Partial Depolymerisation of Permethylated Derivatives.- 8 Experimental.- References.- GC-MS Methods for Cyclic Nucleotides in Higher Plants and for Free High Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Oils.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Methods of GC-MS.- 3 Adenosine-3?:5?-Monophosphate (cAMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays).- 4 An Isotope Dilution GC-MS Spectrometric Assay for cAMP in Cultured Tobacco Tissue.- 5 Stability of Cyclic Purine Nucleotides in the Presence of Hydrochloric Acid During Extraction.- 6 Guanosine-3?:5?-Monophosphate (cGMP) in Maize Seedlings (Zea mays).- 7 GC-Separation of Synthetic cAMP and cGMP in a Mixture.- 8 Cyclic Pyrimidine Nucleotides in Plants?.- 9 Free High Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Oils.- 10 Conclusions.- References.- GC-MS Methods for Lower Plant Glycolipid Fatty Acids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Extraction of the Plant Material.- 2.1 Handling and Storage.- 2.2 Extraction with Organic Solvents.- 2.3 Purification of the Extract.- 3 Separation of Glycolipids from the Total Lipid Extract.- 3.1 Column Chromatography.- 3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).- 3.3 Other Applications.- 4 Isolation of the Glycolipids.- 4.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 4.2 Localization of the Glycolipids on TLC.- 4.3 Removing the Spots from the TLC Plates.- 5 Derivatization of the Glycolipid Fatty Acids for GC-MS.- 5.1 General Features.- 5.2 Formation of Methyl Esters.- 5.3 Silylation and Other Methods.- 6 GLC Instrumentation for Fatty Acid Analysis.- 6.1 General Features.- 6.2 Carrier Gas System.- 6.3 Injection and Injectors.- 6.4 The Detector.- 7 Column Selection for Fatty Acid GLC Analysis.- 7.1 Column Types.- 7.2 Supports, Liquid Phases, and Their Characteristics.- 8 Interpretation of GC Data and Calculation of Results.- 8.1 Identification of Peaks Using Standard Compounds.- 8.2 Quantitation of Results.- 8.3 External and Internal Standardization.- 9 Fatty Acid Ester Structure Determination by GC-MS.- 9.1 Equivalent Chain Lengths (ECL).- 9.2 Semilogarithmic Correlations.- 9.3 Mass Spectrometers and Their Function Principles.- 9.4 Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Fatty Acid Esters.- 10 Abbreviations.- References.- Analysis of Phospholipid Molecular Species by Gas Chromatography and Coupled Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Lipid Preparation.- 2.1 Lipid Extraction.- 2.2 Purification of Phospholipids.- 2.2.1 Column Chromatography.- 2.2.2 Thin Layer Chromatography.- 3 Formation of Derivatives for GC or GC-MS.- 3.1 Phospholipase C Treatment.- 3.2 Conversion of Diacylglycerols to Silyl Derivatives.- 3.2.1 Formation of Trimethylsilyl Derivatives.- 3.2.2 Formation of tert-Butyldimethylsilyl Derivatives.- 4 Gas Chromatography.- 5 Mass Spectrometry.- 5.1 Instrumentation.- 5.2 Operating Conditions.- 5.3 Identification of Molecular Species.- 5.4 Quantitation of Molecular Species by GC-MS.- 5.5 Quantitation of Molecular Species by GC-MS Following Reduction of Double Bonds Using Deuterium.- 5.6 Direct MS Analysis of Underivatized Phospholipids.- 6 Determination of Positional Distribution of Acyl Chains Using Phospholipase A2.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- GC-MS of Plant Sterol Analysis.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Development of GC-MS Plant Sterol Analysis.- 3 Operations Before GC-MS Sterol Analysis.- 3.1 Extraction and Isolation of Plant Sterols.- 3.2 Free Sterols and (or) Sterols from Steryl-Esters.- 3.3 Purification of Sterolic Fractions.- 3.4 Derivatization.- 4 Characterization of Sterols.- 4.1 Characterization of Sterols by GC Data.- 4.2 Characterization of Sterols by MS Data.- 4.3 Characterization of Sterols by GC and MS Data.- 4.3.1 A Typical Analysis of 4-Demethyl and 4,4-Dimethyl Sterols from Zea mays.- 4.3.2 Co-Occurrence of ?5- and ?7-Sterols in Tracheophytes.- 4.3.3 Side Chain-Hydroxylated Sterols from Red Algae.- 4.3.4 4-Methyl Sterols of Dinoflagellates.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- GC-MS Methods for Terpenoids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation Methods.- 3 Prefractionation and Ancillary Reactions.- 4 Gas Chromatography.- 5 Retention Data.- 6 Mass Spectrometry.- References.- GC-MS of Auxins.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Compounds Involved.- 3 Reference Compounds.- 4 Extraction.- 5 Purification.- 6 Columns for GC.- 7 Injection Techniques.- 8 Derivatisation.- 9 Interface Between GC and MS.- 10 Mass Spectrometer.- 11 Data Systems.- 12 Ionization.- 13 GC-MS Strategy for Auxin Analysis.- 14 Quantification.- 15 The Internal Standard.- 16 Experimental Procedure.- 17 Conclusions.- References.- GC-MS Methods for the Quantitative Determination and Structural Characterization of Esters of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and myo-Inositol.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Discovery of IAA-Inositols.- 1.2 Occurrence of IAA Conjugates.- 1.3 Importance of Measuring and Identifying Hormone Conjugates.- 2 Quantitative Analysis and Identification of the IAA-Inositols.- 2.1 Analysis After Hydrolysis.- 2.1.1 Methods for Hydrolysis of IAA Conjugates.- 2.1.2 Use of Internal Standards.- 2.2 Analysis Before Hydrolysis.- 2.2.1 A Quantitative Estimation of IAA-Inositol Using [3H]-IAA-myo-Inositol as an Internal Standard.- 3 Qualitative Analysis of IAA-Inositols.- 3.1 The Inositol Moiety.- 3.2 Derivitization of IAA-Inositols for GC-MS.- 3.3 Mass Spectral Fragmentation Pattern.- 3.3.1 1-dl-1-O-(Indole-3-Acetyl)-myo-Inositol (6 TMS, MW 769).- 3.3.2 2-O-(Indole-3-Acetyl)-myo-Inositol (6 TMS MW 769).- 3.3.3 Di-O-[N-(Trimethylsilyl) Indole-3-Acetyl]-O-Tetra-O-Trimethylsilyl-myo-Inositol.- 3.3.4 Tri-O-[N-(Trimethylsilyl) Indole-3-Acetyl]-O-Tri-O-Trimethylsilyl-myo-Inositol.- 3.3.5 IAA-myo-Inositol-Arabinoside and IAA-myo-Inositol-Galactoside.- 3.4 Uses of GC-MS to Identify and Characterize IAA-Esters.- 4 Conclusions.- 5 Abbreviations.- References.- GC-MS Methods for Cytokinins and Metabolites.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Gas Chromatography (GC).- 2.1 Instrumentation.- 2.1.1 Liquid Stationary Phases and Columns.- 2.1.2 Injectors.- 2.1.3 Detectors.- 2.2 Derivatisation of Cytokinins.- 2.2.1 Trimethylsilyl (TMSi) Derivatives.- 2.2.2 Permethyl Derivatives.- 2.2.3 tert.-Butyldimethylsilyl (t-BuDMSi) Derivatives.- 2.2.4 Trifluoroacetyl (TFA) Derivatives.- 2.3 Preparative GC.- 3 Mass Spectrometry.- 3.1 Instrumentation.- 3.1.1 Sample Introduction.- 3.1.2 Ionisation Methods.- 3.1.3 Analysers.- 3.1.4 Data Systems.- 3.2 Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).- 4 Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Cytokinin Analysis.- 4.1 Structural Studies.- 4.2 Quantification of Cytokinins.- 4.2.1 Internal Standards.- 4.2.2 Stable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry.- 4.2.3 Quantification Using GC-MS.- 4.2.4 Probe Analysis.- 4.3 Metabolic Profiling.- 5 General Remarks and Conclusion.- References.- GC-MS Method for Volatile Flavor Components of Foods.- 1 Introduction.- 2 GC-MS Methods.- 2.1 Preparation Methods of Flavor Samples.- 2.2 Operational Methods.- 3 Volatile Flavor Components.- 3.1 Fruits.- 3.2 Vegetables.- 3.3 Mushrooms.- 3.4 Tea.- 3.5 Beans and Nuts.- 3.6 Grains.- 3.7 Jams.- 3.8 Fermentation Products.- References.- GC-MS Methods for Tobacco Constituents.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cembranoids and Their Degraded Compounds.- 3 Labdanoids and Their Degraded Compounds.- 4 Carotenoid-Degraded Compounds.- 5 Sesquiterpenoids.- 6 Terpenoid Glycosides.- 7 Linked Scanning.- References.