List of Illustrations x
Maps xii
Introduction to the Second Edition 1
A Note on the Third Edition 7
1 Germany Under Napoleon 9
The Continental System 11
Resistance to Napoleon 12
The Prussian Reform Movement 13
Prussian Military Reforms 17
Educational Reform 18
The Confederation of the Rhine 20
Germany and the Defeat of Napoleon 21
The Congress of Vienna 22
2 German Society in Transition 24
Women and Children 27
The Household 29
Town and Country 30
Agriculture 31
Industrialization 33
Class Structure 36
Jews 40
Social Change 41
3 Restoration and Reform 1815-1840 43
Demagogues and Radicals 44
Bourgeois Discontent 47
Nationalism 48
The Zollverein 50
Germany Under Metternich 52
Catholicism 55
Liberalism 56
Radicalism 57
4 The Revolutions of 1848 59
Revolution 62
The Frankfurt Parliament 64
Olmütz 70
5 The Struggle for Mastery 1850-1866 72
Austro-Prussian Rivalry 73
The "New Era" 75
Changes in the Social Structure 76
Liberalism and Conservatism 78
Social Democracy 79
Prussian Army Reforms 82
Bismarck 83
The German Question 84
The Schleswig- Holstein Question 86
The Austro-Prussian War 87
6 The Unification of Germany 1866-1871 90
Liberalism, Nationalism, and Particularism 93
The Franco-Prussian War 94
The German Empire 96
Bonapartism 99
The Military and Militarism 101
Nationalism 104
The German Jewish Community 105
7 Bismarck's Germany 111
The Kulturkampf 112
Bismarck and the Liberals 115
Social Democracy 116
From Free Trade to Protectionism 116
The Anti-Socialist Laws 118
Bismarck's New Course 119
Social Policy 121
The Social Structure of Imperial Germany 122
Food and Drink 124
Fashion 125
Women 126
Attitudes Toward Sexuality 128
8 Germany and Europe 1871-1890 132
The Congress of Berlin 134
The Dual and Triple Alliances 135
German Imperialism: Bismarck's Colonialism 136
The Collapse of Bismarck's System of Alliances 138
9 Wilhelmine Germany 1890-1914 141
William II's System of Government 143
The Reichstag 145
Caprivi and the "New Course" 146
Hohenlohe 149
Tirpitz, the Navy, and "World Politics" 150
German Imperialism: Navalism and Overseas Colonization 151
Criticisms of the Naval Building Program 153
Bülow 154
Anglo-German Rivalry 155
The Bülow Bloc 156
Scandals and Crises 157
Bethmann Hollweg 159
The Challenge from Social Democracy 160
Armaments 161
The Balkan Crisis of 1912 162
10 The First World War 165
Attitudes Toward the War 167
War Aims 168
German Society in Wartime 168
Women and the Family 171
Mounting Opposition to the War 173
The Peace Resolution 174
The Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution 176
The Failure of the March Offensive 177
Armistice Negotiations 179
11 The Weimar Republic 1919-1933 181
The Treaty of Versailles 182
The Weimar Constitution 184
The Kapp Putsch 184
Reparations 185
Rapallo 187
Hyperinflation and the "Struggle for the Ruhr" 188
Hindenburg Elected President 192
Locarno 193
The Depression 194
Cultural Effervescence: Cinema, Music, Visual Arts 195
The Middle Class 196
The Working Class 199
Rural Society 202
The Demise of Parliamentary Democracy 203
Gender and Sexuality 204
Brüning 205
Papen 208
Schleicher 210
Hitler Appointed Chancellor 211
12 The Nazi Dictatorship to 1939: Politics, Society, Culture 214
The Reichstag Fire 216
Gleichschaltung 218
The SA and the Röhm Putsch 221
Hitler Becomes Head of State 223
The National Socialist Dictatorship 224
The SS 229
Salvaging the Economy 231
German Society in the Third Reich 234
Labor 236
Peasants 237
Small Business 240
Gender, Women, and the Family 241
National Socialism and Modernity 244
13 Nazi Germany and the Jews 1933-1945: Persecution, War, Genocide 250
The Persecution of the Jews Before the War 252
First Steps in Foreign Policy 255
The Anschluss 258
Munich 259
War 260
Poland 262
The War in the West 263
Barbarossa 264
The Wartime Persecution of the Jews: The "Final Solution" 267
The Turn of the Tide 273
The Shortage of Labor 274
The End 276
14 The Adenauer Era 1945-1963 280
The Occupation Zones 282
From Bizonia to Trizonia 284
The Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany 286
Rearmament 289
From the "Economic Miracle" to "Eurosclerosis" 292
Culture and Society under Adenauer 295
The Heyday of Adenauer's Germany 297
The Berlin Wall 298
The End of the Adenauer Era 299
15 The German Democratic Republic 303
"The First Workers' and Peasants' State on German Soil" 308
June 17, 1953 311
The GDR after Stalin 313
The Berlin Wall 315
The New Economic System 316
The GDR and Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik 318
The Honecker Era 319
Social Structure of the GDR 320
Dissent 323
Relations between the Two Germanys 324
The Collapse of the GDR 325
16 The Federal Republic 1963-1982 332
The Great Coalition: 1966-1969 333
Confrontations with the Past 335
The Extra- Parliamentary Opposition (APO) 336
The Chancellorship of Willy Brandt 338
Terrorism 341
Willy Brandt's Second Term: 1972-1974 341
Helmut Schmidt's First Term: 1974-1976 343
Helmut Schmidt's Second Term: 1976-1980 344
The Changing Nature of Dissent 345
The Debate on Atomic Weapons 346
Helmut Schmidt's Third Term: 1980-1982 347
The Historikerstreit: Debating Germany's Past 349
Class and Consumption 351
Gender, Sexuality, and the Erosion of the Family Unit 356
Immigration and German Identity 358
17 The Reunification of Germany and Beyond 360
The United States, the Soviet Union, and the German Question 361
The New Germany's First Decade 363
9/11 and the Iraq War 372
Gerhard Schröder's Second Term 375
Angela Merkel's First Three Terms 376
The Refugee Crisis, the Re-emergence of the Far Right, and Merkel's Final Term 379
Remembering and Forgetting in Reunified Germany 381
Problems and Perspectives 384
Bibliography 386
Index 396
