• I. History, Sources, and Nature of International Investment Law
• 1: The history of international investment law
• 2: The sources of international investment law
• 3: The nature of international investment law
• II. Interpretation and Intertemporal Application of Investment Treaties
• 1: The interpretation of investment treaties
• 2: The application of investment treaties in time
• III. Investor
• 1: Private foreign investors
• 2: Nationality of individuals
• 3: Nationality of corporations
• 4: A local company as a foreign investor
• 5: Nationality planning
• 6: Denial of benefits
• 7: An active investor?
• IV. Investment
• 1: Terminology and concept
• 2: Definitions of investment
• 3: A general concept of investment?
• 4: Types of investments
• 5: The unity of an investment
• 6: The origin of the investment
• 7: Investments in the host State's territory
• 8: Investments in accordance with host State law
• 9: Indirect investments
• V. Investment Contracts
• 1: Types of investment contracts
• 2: Applicable law
• 3: Dispute settlement
• 4: Stabilization clauses
• 5: Renegotiation and adaptation
• VI. Admission and Establishment
• 1: The right to control admission and establishment
• 2: The move towards economic liberalism
• 3: Investment promotion
• 4: The right to admission and the right of establishment
• 5: Treaty models of admission
• 6: Performance requirements
• 7: The inception of an investment
• VII. Expropriation
• 1: The object of an expropriation
• 2: Expropriation as an act of government
• 3: Indirect expropriation
• 4: The legality of the expropriation
• VIII. Standards of Protection
• 1: Fair and equitable treatment
• 2: Full protection and security
• 3: Arbitrary or discriminatory measures
• 4: National treatment
• 5: Most-favoured-nation treatment
• 6: The umbrella clause
• 7: Effective means
• 8: Transfer of funds
• IX. Emergency Situations and Armed Conflicts
• 1: Competing policies
• 2: Effects of violence under traditional international law
• 3: The ILC Articles on state responsibility
• 4: Treaty law
• X. Attribution
• 1: Sources and principles
• 2: Organs, provinces, and municipalities
• 3: Exercise of governmental authority
• 4: Instruction, direction, or control
• XI. Political Risk Insurance
• 1: History and purpose
• 2: Different types of insurance
• 3: Subrogation
• 4: Risks covered
• XII. Settling Investment Disputes
• 1: State-to-State disputes
• 2: The limited usefulness of domestic courts
• 3: Settlement of Investor-State disputes by arbitration and conciliation
• 4: Arbitration institutions and regimes
• 5: Investment disputes
• 6: The parties to investment disputes
• 7: Consent to investment arbitration
• 8: Conditions for the institution of proceedings
• 9: MFN clauses and dispute settlement
• 10: Treaty claims and contract claims
• 11: Procedure
• 12: Applicable law
• 13: Remedies
• 14: Costs
• 15: Review of awards
• 16: Enforcement of awards