Foreword xxiii
Preface xxv
Part 1: Foundations of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Disaster Management 1
1 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology: The Intersection of Physics, Engineering, and Geospatial Analysis for Advanced Imaging Systems 3
R. Venkatesh and Pooja Joshi
1.1 Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology 4
1.2 Physics behind Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems 14
1.3 Engineering of Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems 22
1.4 Geospatial Analysis with Synthetic Aperture Radar Data 28
1.5 Challenges and Future Directions 34
1.6 Conclusion 38
2 Extracting Reservoir Surface Features and Land Cover Changes from Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery: Tumariya Reservoir Case Study 47
Asha Thapliyal, Sanjeev Kimothi and Himani Bisht
2.1 Introduction 48
2.2 Study Area 49
2.3 Materials and Methods 49
2.4 Generation of Spectral Indices 50
2.5 Wetland and Land Use Land Cover Mapping 53
2.6 Conclusion 54
Part 2: Techniques for Disaster Monitoring and Assessment 59
3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry for Disaster Analysis 61
Vijaya Bhandari, Jaspreet Singh and Arun Balodi
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 The Evolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology: From Imaging to Polarimetry 62
3.3 Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry as a Game-Changer in Disaster Management 62
3.4 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry 63
3.5 Polarization and Its Critical Role in Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging 63
3.6 Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Modes: Single, Dual, and Full Polarization 64
3.7 Comparative Advantages of Optical and Passive Radar Systems 64
3.8 Techniques in Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry 65
3.9 Analysis of Coherence and Phase Information for Damage Assessment 65
3.10 Feature Extraction Using Advanced Algorithms 66
3.11 Automated Change Detection with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Techniques 68
3.12 Applications in Disaster Analysis 69
3.13 Integration with Emerging Technologies 72
3.14 Multisensor Fusion: Combining Synthetic Aperture Radar with Optical, Light Detection and Ranging, and Ground-Based Systems 73
3.15 Real-Time Data Processing for Faster Disaster Response 74
3.16 Cloud-Based Platforms for Global Accessibility and Scalability 74
3.17 Case Studies 75
3.18 Challenges and Future Directions 81
3.19 Conclusion 82
4 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry 89
Suryakant Annasaheb Shinde
4.1 Introduction 90
4.2 Historical Evolution of Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry 91
4.3 Fundamental Principles and Working Mechanism of Synthetic Aperture Radars and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars 97
4.4 Case Studies 106
4.5 Advanced Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Techniques 110
4.6 Challenges and Future Trends in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar 112
4.7 Conclusion 114
5 Calibration and Validation Techniques for Disaster Response 117
Surmadhur Pant and Yashender Sharma
5.1 Introduction 118
5.2 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar Calibration and Validation 119
5.3 Supervised Learning in Synthetic Aperture Radar for Disaster Response 121
5.4 Unsupervised Learning Techniques for Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Analysis 125
5.5 Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Calibration 126
5.6 Multi-Source Data Integration for Enhanced Calibration and Validation 129
5.7 Advanced Validation Techniques 131
5.8 Case Studies and Practical Applications 133
5.9 Impact Assessment: Speed, Accuracy, and Decision-Making Improvements 135
5.10 Conclusion and Future Directions 135
5.11 Outlook: Vision for Artificial Intelligence-Driven Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems in Disaster Management 137
6 Artificial Intelligence-Driven Insights from Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Transforming Disaster Preparedness and Response 141
Nidhi Sharma and Gopal Krishna
6.1 Introduction 142
6.2 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Disaster Management 150
6.3 Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Processing 153
6.4 Artificial Intelligence-Driven Disaster Preparedness Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Data 157
6.5 Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Response and Recovery Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Data 164
6.6 Case Studies 169
6.7 Challenges and Future Prospects 172
7 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar-Based Assessment of Snow Water Equivalent Trends in the Dry Snow Zone of Dhundi, Himachal Pradesh 181
Dilsa Nasar and Geetha Priya M.
7.1 Introduction 182
7.2 Study Area 185
7.3 Data Used 186
7.4 Methodology 187
7.5 Results and Discussion 191
7.6 Comparative Analysis of Field and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Results 195
7.7 Uncertainty Analysis 197
7.8 Comprehensive Analysis of Snow Water Equivalent Variability and Validation 198
7.9 Conclusion 199
Part 3: Historical and Contemporary Missions 205
8 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Magellan Mission 207
Dipan Kumar Das, Padmaja Patnaik and Sudip Kumar Das
8.1 Introduction 208
8.2 Mission Design and Development 211
8.3 Launch and Journey to Venus 215
8.4 Radar Mapping of Venus 217
8.5 Key Scientific Discoveries 220
8.6 Data Analysis and Interpretation 224
8.7 Future Prospects in Venus Exploration 228
8.8 Conclusion 231
9 Synthetic Aperture Radar in Solar System Exploration 235
Sachin Srivastava, Vineet Rawat, Aditya Singh Rana and Abhay Dhasmana
9.1 Introduction 236
9.2 Fundamentals of Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology 238
9.3 Design Considerations for Synthetic Aperture Radar in Solar System Exploration 241
9.4 Integration of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Solar and Heliospheric Research 246
9.5 Synthetic Aperture Radar for Planetary Surface and Atmospheric Studies 249
9.6 Case Studies of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Solar System Exploration 253
9.7 Future Trends and Emerging Technologies 257
9.8 Conclusion 259
Part 4: Challenges, Policies, and Future Directions 265
10 Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Disaster Management 267
Gagandeep Singh
10.1 Introduction: Unveiling the Potential of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Disaster Management 268
10.2 Evolution of Platforms: From Inception to the New Millennium 269
10.3 Foundations of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Analysis: A Practical Guide for Disaster Practitioners 271
10.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications Across the Disaster Management Lifecycle 275
10.5 Case Studies of Synthetic Aperture Radar in Action During Catastrophic Events 281
10.6 Integrating Synthetic Aperture Radar with Other Technologies for Enhanced Disaster Monitoring 289
10.7 Opportunities and Challenges in Operationalizing Synthetic Aperture Radar for Disaster Management 293
10.8 Conclusion and Future Research Directions 295
11 Sentinel-1 SAR Insights into Arctic Glacier Behavior: Dynamics of Vestre Brøggerbreen and Climate Implications 305
Namitha K. Narayan, Dhanush S., Dilsa Nasar and Geetha Priya M.
11.1 Introduction 306
11.2 Study Area 307
11.3 Data Used 309
11.4 Methodology 310
11.5 Results 312
11.6 Discussion 329
11.7 Conclusion 332
12 Legal, Ethical, and Policy Aspects of SAR in Disaster Management 337
Amit Bhadula
12.1 Introduction 337
12.2 Legal Aspects 339
12.3 Ethical Frameworks 353
12.4 Policy Challenges 355
12.5 Case Studies 356
12.6 Recommendations 358
12.7 Conclusion 359
References 360
Index 363
